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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones01:38

Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones

3.2K
Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
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Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

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Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
4.1K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.4K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.4K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles01:13

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles

2.3K
Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
2.3K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

6.9K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
6.9K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

3.7K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
3.7K

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Updated: May 2, 2026

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Reductive amination without an external hydrogen Source.

Denis Chusov1, Benjamin List

  • 1A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow (Russia). Denis.chusov@gmail.com.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel reductive amination method using carbon monoxide as the reductant, eliminating the need for external hydrogen gas. This efficient process works for various carbonyl compounds and amines with low catalyst use.

Keywords:
aminationaminesatom economycarbon monoxidereduction

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Reductive amination is a key transformation in organic synthesis.
  • Traditional methods often rely on external hydrogen sources, posing safety and cost concerns.
  • Developing sustainable alternatives is crucial for modern chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel reductive amination method.
  • To utilize carbon monoxide as a reductant instead of molecular hydrogen.
  • To investigate the efficiency and scope of this new transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with amines.
  • Use of carbon monoxide (CO) as the sole reductant.
  • Employing low catalyst loadings.

Main Results:

  • Efficient conversion for a wide range of carbonyl compounds and amines.
  • The reaction proceeds without the need for an external hydrogen source.
  • Mechanistic studies suggest the absence of molecular hydrogen involvement.

Conclusions:

  • A new, efficient, and potentially safer reductive amination protocol has been developed.
  • Carbon monoxide serves as an effective reductant, offering a sustainable alternative.
  • The unique mechanism warrants further investigation.