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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

446

Symptoms of sleep disordered breathing in children with craniofacial malformations

Marta Moraleda-Cibrián1, Sean P Edwards2, Steven J Kasten3

  • 1Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology ; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|March 18, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Children with craniofacial malformations (CFM) have a high risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms. Early screening and follow-up are crucial for managing SDB in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Craniofacial Anomalies
  • Respiratory Health

Background:

  • Congenital craniofacial malformations (CFM) can impact airway structure and function.
  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a potential complication in children with CFM.
  • This study examines SDB symptom prevalence in a clinical CFM cohort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms in children with congenital craniofacial malformations (CFM).
  • To identify specific CFM subtypes associated with higher SDB risk.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding SDB screening in CFM patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study included 575 children (aged 2-18 years) with CFM.
  • The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire's Sleep-Related Breathing Disturbance scale was used for screening.
  • A cutoff score of ≥ 0.33 indicated positive screening for SDB symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 25% screened positive for SDB, 28% for snoring, and 20% for sleepiness.
  • Robin sequence (non-syndromic) and velocardiofacial/DiGeorge syndrome (syndromic) showed high SDB rates.
  • Children with syndromic CFM had higher SDB scores and sleepiness than non-syndromic CFM.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital craniofacial malformations are linked to a significant risk of sleep disordered breathing symptoms.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high suspicion for SDB in children with CFM.
  • Prompt SDB evaluation and management are recommended for affected children.
Abstract

Keywords:
Snoringcleftcraniofacial anomaliessleep-disordered breathingsleepiness

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