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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

2.8K
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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A permanent mandibular second molar with seven root canal systems.

Jojo Kottoor, Kuriachan Kottanathu Paul, Joy Mathew

    Quintessence International (Berlin, Germany : 1985)
    |March 18, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This case report details the successful nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular second molar with an unusual seven-canal system. Advanced techniques ensured complete root canal therapy and periapical healing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Endodontics
    • Dental Anatomy

    Background:

    • Mandibular second molars can exhibit complex root canal anatomy.
    • Variations in root canal configurations pose challenges in endodontic treatment.
    • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful nonsurgical endodontic management.

    Observation:

    • A seven-canaled mandibular second molar was identified.
    • The root canal configuration consisted of four mesial and three distal canals.
    • Magnification, ultrasonics, and angled radiography aided in canal system identification.

    Findings:

    • Successful nonsurgical endodontic management was achieved.
    • The tooth remained clinically asymptomatic at the 18-month follow-up.
    • Resolution of periapical pathology was confirmed post-treatment.

    Implications:

    • Complex root canal systems can be effectively treated nonsurgically.
    • Advanced diagnostic tools improve the identification of intricate canal anatomy.
    • Successful endodontic treatment leads to long-term clinical success and healing.