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Updated: May 2, 2026

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
Published on: March 29, 2022
Near work, outdoor activity, and their association with refractive error
Zhong Lin1, Balamurali Vasudevan, Vishal Jhanji
1*MD, PhD †BSOptom, PhD ‡MD §OD, PhD Clinical & Epidemiological Eye Research Center, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (ZL, GYM, YBL); College of Optometry, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona (BV); Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (VJ, SSR); School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (GYM); Handan Eye Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China (TYG); Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China (ZL, FHW, YBL); and Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, New York (KJC).
Increased outdoor activity in Beijing primary school students is linked to less myopia. Near work showed no significant association with refractive error in either primary or secondary school students.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric eye health
- Public health
Background:
- Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a growing public health concern among children.
- Environmental factors like near work and outdoor time are implicated in myopia development.
- Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between near work, outdoor activity, and refractive error in Beijing schoolchildren.
- To differentiate the impact of these factors across primary and secondary school age groups.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based study involving 386 primary and secondary school students in Beijing.
- Cycloplegic refraction and detailed questionnaires on visual activities were administered.
- Statistical analysis adjusted for gender, parental refractive error, and other environmental factors.
Main Results:
- No significant association was found between near work and myopia in either age group.
- Higher outdoor activity time was significantly associated with less myopic refraction in primary school students.
- This association was not significant in secondary school students, suggesting age-dependent effects.
Conclusions:
- Higher levels of outdoor activity may protect against myopia progression in younger children.
- Near work does not appear to be a significant risk factor for myopia in this Beijing cohort.
- Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore age-specific interventions.
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