Optical methods for sensing and imaging oxygen: materials, spectroscopies and applications

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Electrochemical oxygen sensing, primarily using the Clark electrode, has limitations.
• Optical methods provide sensitive and selective alternatives for oxygen detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of current optical oxygen sensing technologies.
• To discuss advancements in probes, materials, spectroscopic techniques, and sensor formats.
• To explore future trends and applications of optical oxygen sensors.

Main Methods:

• Review of spectroscopic sensing of oxygen.
• Analysis of absorptiometric and luminescent probes.
• Examination of polymeric matrices, supports, and additives.
• Discussion of spectroscopic read-out schemes and imaging.
• Evaluation of various sensing formats (waveguide, arrays, nanosensors).

Main Results:

• Optical oxygen sensing is a rapidly advancing field, offering significant advantages over traditional methods.
• A wide array of indicator probes and polymeric materials are available for sensor development.
• Diverse applications exist across medicine, biology, environmental science, and industry.

Conclusions:

• Optical oxygen sensors are increasingly replacing electrochemical methods due to their performance and versatility.
• Continued research in materials and techniques will drive further innovation in oxygen sensing.
• The reviewed technologies hold significant promise for various scientific and industrial sectors.