Hemodynamic effects of labetalol in patients with combined hypertension and left ventricular failure

To investigate the safety of labetalol in the treatment of hypertension in patients with heart failure, sixteen hypertensive patients with a history of congestive heart failure and an ejection fraction at rest less than 45%, had measurements of ejection fraction and cardiac output by first pass radionuclide angiography at baseline, at the end of 2 weeks maintenance with labetalol (titrated to the effective antihypertensive dose of 200-1600 mg daily), and in the post-treatment placebo period. On labetalol, heart rate and blood pressure were significantly lower than placebo at rest and the ejection fraction was higher (30 vs 25%) (p less than 0.05). At maximal exercise on labetalol the heart rate and blood pressure were lower than at placebo maximal exercise (p less than 0.05) and the ejection fraction was higher (32 vs 27%) (p less than 0.01). Exercise tolerance was not changed by labetalol. No patient was discontinued from the study because of worsening heart failure. Dizziness was reported in 5 of 16 patients usually at one visit. Dyspnea that was reported in 4 of 16 patients improved with minor adjustments in digitalis or diuretic dose. In conclusion, labetalol reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients with left ventricular dysfunction without reducing cardiac performance.