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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Psychological experiments often involve participants classifying stimuli using response keys.
  • Previous research suggested a key distance effect (KDE) indicates a cognitive tendency to spatially code categories.
  • Evidence for KDE in Stroop tasks was inconclusive regarding automatic spatial representation versus stimulus configuration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether key separation automatically creates spatial representations or depends on stimulus configuration.
  • To determine if the key distance effect (KDE) modulates the Stroop interference effect.
  • To clarify the mechanisms underlying the KDE in cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Replicated the original Stroop task to assess the effect of key distance on response facilitation and Stroop interference.
  • Controlled for potential mediator variables, including the spatial context of instructions.
  • Manipulated the presentation of stimulus-response mapping instructions to isolate the influence of spatial configuration.

Main Results:

  • Wider key distance facilitated responses but did not modulate the Stroop effect.
  • No KDE emerged when spatial context from instructions was removed.
  • A KDE required correspondence between spatial configurations of stimuli and responses, not just key separation.

Conclusions:

  • The key distance effect (KDE) in Stroop performance is attributable to stimulus-response compatibility and response discriminability.
  • KDE does not demonstrate a general disposition for spatial coding of all stimuli.
  • Cognitive tasks requiring spatial coding are influenced by specific stimulus-response configurations.