Cutaneous human papillomavirus infection: manifestations and diagnosis

Keratinocytes react to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection by proliferation resulting in different clinical manifestations ranging from flat warts to common warts and cauliflower-like or filiform warts. The clinical presentation may vary according to the HPV type and anatomical site. Although warts are usually a self-limiting disease, some HPV subtypes may induce malignant changes. Bowenoid papulosis is characterized by multiple flat macules or patches in the genital area that may or may not be pigmented. Rarely other forms of superficial squamous cell carcinomas may be induced by HPV infections, for example periungual Bowen's disease. Dermatoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique that facilitates the diagnosis of skin manifestations induced by HPV.