Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 2, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
Published on: March 8, 2012
Human papillomavirus and immunosuppression
Ulrike Wieland1, Alexander Kreuter, Herbert Pfister
1Institute of Virology, National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Abstract:
Chronic immunosuppression for various reasons is an important risk factor for persistent infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) and HPV-associated disease. Anogenital cancers and their precursor lesions play an important role in modern HIV medicine. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer are especially prevalent in HIV-positive men who have sex with men, and experts have advocated screening similarly to cervical cancer screening for this high-risk group. HPV-induced skin warts are a frequent problem of organ transplant recipients (OTRs) and a severe manifestation (generalized verrucosis) of certain primary immunodeficiencies. HIV-positive individuals are very often affected by genital warts (condylomata acuminata). Iatrogenic immunosuppression in OTRs allows more active replication of the commensal β-papillomavirus spectrum in the entire skin. A high viral DNA load in plucked eyebrow hairs was shown to imply a significant risk for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. This may explain the up to 250-fold increased risk of OTRs to develop precancerous actinic keratoses and skin cancer.
More Related Videos
07:43Four-color Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry of T-cell Subpopulations in Archival Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Human Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Samples
Published on: July 29, 2017
11:14Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
Published on: October 12, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Immunodeficiency Diseases
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
Cytomegalovirus Disease
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Tumor Immunotherapy
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis