Organogel formation rationalized by Hansen solubility parameters: dos and don'ts
Julien Bonnet1, Gad Suissa, Matthieu Raynal
1Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005 Paris, France. laurent.bouteiller@upmc.fr.
Soft Matter
|March 20, 2014
Summary
Predicting liquid gelation is possible using Hansen solubility parameters. This study reviews methods and proposes improved solubility tests for determining gelation domains of organic compounds.
Area of Science:
- Supramolecular Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Physical Chemistry
Background:
- Organic compounds can form fibrous networks to gel liquids.
- Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) offer a predictive framework for gelation.
- Existing literature presents various approaches to defining gelation domains.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review current methods for predicting liquid gelation using HSP.
- To discuss the representation and calculation of gelation domains.
- To propose an improved methodology for solubility testing and gelation domain determination.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of gelation domain prediction using Hansen solubility parameters.
- Analysis of Teas plot representations and group contribution calculations.
- Development of an improved scheme for solubility tests and gelation domain determination.
Main Results:
- Hansen solubility parameters are effective in predicting the range of liquids gelled by organic compounds.
- Different approaches to defining gelation domains have been evaluated.
- An improved procedure for determining the gelation domain has been proposed.
Conclusions:
- Hansen solubility parameters provide a valuable tool for understanding and predicting liquid gelation.
- Refined methods for solubility testing enhance the accuracy of gelation domain prediction.
- This work offers a practical framework for researchers studying organic gelators.
More Related Videos
12:07Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
Published on: April 16, 2018
15.7K
10:01Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
Published on: January 23, 2018
7.1K
Related Concept Videos
02:05Entropy and Solvation
6.8K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
6.8K
03:00Solubility
16.9K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
16.9K
02:21Chemical and Solubility Equilibria
3.5K
The free energy change associated with dissolving a solute in a liter of solvent is called the free energy of a solution, ΔGsolution. The overall ΔGsolution is expressed as the balance of ΔGinteraction against the always-favorable free-energy of mixing, ΔGmixing. Solution formation is favorable if ΔGsolution is less than zero, whereas it is unfavorable if ΔGsolution is greater than zero. In short, for a solution to form and complete dissolution to take place,...
3.5K
02:35Energetics of Solution Formation
5.8K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
5.8K
01:33Regioselective Formation of Enolates
2.6K
As depicted in the figure below, the unsymmetrical ketones can form two possible enolates: less substituted or more substituted enolates. Usually, the thermodynamic enolates are formed from the more substituted α-carbon atom, while the kinetic enolates are formed faster by deprotonation from the less substituted position. The thermodynamic enolates have lower energy, so they are more stable. But the energy required to form kinetic enolates is less.
2.6K
02:36Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration
7.8K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
7.8K