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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

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Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

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An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
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Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination01:27

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

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In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...
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α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction01:15

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2.1K
The method to achieve α-brominated carboxylic acids using a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and bromine is known as the Hell–Volhard–Zelinski reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by phosphorus tribromide, which can be used directly or produced in situ from red phosphorus and bromine. The mechanism comprises PBr3 catalyzed conversion of acid to acid bromide and hydrogen bromide. The acid bromide enolizes to its enol form in the presence of HBr. The nucleophilic enol attacks the...
2.1K
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

17.1K
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
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Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for CuII Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis
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Bromate removal from aqueous solutions by ordered mesoporous carbon.

Chunhua Xu, Xiaohong Wang, Xiaolei Shi

    Environmental Technology
    |March 21, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) effectively removes bromate from water. This adsorbent shows rapid uptake and high capacity, making it suitable for drinking water treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Materials Science
    • Water Treatment

    Background:

    • Bromate is a disinfection byproduct and potential human carcinogen found in drinking water.
    • Effective removal methods are crucial for ensuring water safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the feasibility of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) for bromate removal from aqueous solutions.
    • To investigate the adsorption performance and influencing factors of OMC for bromate.

    Main Methods:

    • Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to assess bromate removal by OMC.
    • Key parameters studied included contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, temperature, pH, and competing anions.

    Main Results:

    • OMC demonstrated rapid bromate adsorption, achieving 85% removal in 1 hour and equilibrium within 3 hours.
    • The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with a maximum capacity of 17.6 mg/g at 298 K.
    • Adsorption data fitted the Freundlich model, and removal efficiency was proportional to initial bromate concentration.
    • The presence of competing anions and variations in pH (3-11) had negligible effects on bromate removal.

    Conclusions:

    • Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) is a highly effective adsorbent for bromate removal from water.
    • OMC exhibits excellent adsorption kinetics and capacity, with robust performance across various conditions.
    • OMC shows significant potential for application in drinking water treatment to mitigate bromate contamination.