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Individual differences in 10-month-olds' performance on the A-not-B task.

Maria Johansson1, Linda Forssman, Gunilla Bohlin

  • 1Department of Psychology, Uppsala Child and Baby Lab, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
|March 21, 2014
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Summary

Infant cognitive flexibility varies, influenced by early search performance and temperament. Lower activity levels correlate with better performance on the A-not-B task in 10-month-olds.

Keywords:
A-not-Bcognitive flexibilityindividual differencesinfancy

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The A-not-B task is a classic test of object permanence and cognitive flexibility in infants.
  • Individual differences in cognitive development emerge early in infancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore individual differences in cognitive flexibility in 10-month-old infants.
  • To examine the relationship between A-not-B task performance across trials.
  • To investigate the link between infant temperament and A-not-B performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fixed-design A-not-B task with 40 infants at 10 months of age.
  • Assessed search performance during A and B trials, including looking and reaching responses.
  • Collected parental ratings on infant temperament, specifically activity level and attention span.

Main Results:

  • Performance on A trials predicted B trial outcomes, with better A-trial performance linked to more errors on B trials.
  • Infant activity level, but not attention span, correlated with A-not-B task performance.
  • Looking responses showed fewer cognitive demands compared to reaching responses for correct performance.

Conclusions:

  • 10-month-olds exhibit significant variability in search behaviors on the A-not-B task.
  • Individual differences in performance may reflect variations in temperament, working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility.
  • Temperamental activity level is a key factor associated with early cognitive flexibility.