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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Concise review: pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative applications for failing β-cell function.

Sara J Holditch1, Andre Terzic, Yasuhiro Ikeda

  • 1Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Stem Cells Translational Medicine
|March 21, 2014
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Summary

This study explores pluripotent stem cell platforms for regenerating pancreatic beta cells, offering new hope for diabetes treatment beyond traditional insulin therapy.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusRegenerative medicineStem cellsTranslationTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell loss or dysfunction, leading to insulin deficiency.
  • Current diabetes management primarily involves pharmacotherapy, such as insulin replacement.
  • There is a growing need for alternative strategies focused on repairing and restoring beta-cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in beta-cell regeneration strategies.
  • To highlight the potential of pluripotent stem cell platforms for diabetes therapy.
  • To discuss translational applications of stem cell-based beta-cell regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on beta-cell regeneration.
  • Focus on pluripotent stem cell platforms (embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells).
  • Analysis of emerging clinical experiences and trials.

Main Results:

  • Pluripotent stem cells offer promising avenues for generating functional beta-like cells.
  • Advancements in stem cell differentiation protocols are enabling beta-cell replacement strategies.
  • Clinical trials are progressing, indicating translational potential.

Conclusions:

  • Beta-cell regeneration using pluripotent stem cells represents a significant advancement in diabetes research.
  • These strategies complement existing therapies by aiming to restore endogenous insulin production.
  • Further research and clinical translation are crucial for developing effective stem cell-based diabetes treatments.