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Olfactory function in migraine both during and between attacks.

Michael J Marmura1, Teshamae S Monteith2, Waseem Anjum3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Michael.Marmura@jefferson.edu.

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|March 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with episodic migraine generally have normal smell function, but some experience reduced olfactory acuity (microsmia) during acute attacks. This smell impairment may be linked to autonomic symptoms or brain activity changes.

Keywords:
Migraineallodyniaepisodic migraineolfactionosmophobia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Migraine patients frequently report osmophobia (fear of smells).
  • The link between osmophobia and objective changes in olfactory function (hyperosmia or hyposmia) in migraineurs is not well understood.
  • Quantitative assessment of olfaction in migraine is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess olfactory identification ability in episodic migraine patients.
  • To compare olfactory function in migraineurs at baseline, during attacks, and after treatment, with matched controls.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 50 episodic migraine patients and 50 matched controls.
  • Olfactory identification was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in UPSIT scores between migraineurs and controls at baseline.
  • A minority of migraine patients (8/42) showed microsmia (impaired smell identification) during acute attacks (p=0.02).
  • This olfactory impairment was less pronounced and not significant after successful treatment (p=0.15).

Conclusions:

  • Episodic migraine patients exhibit similar olfactory function to controls when not experiencing an attack.
  • A subset of migraineurs experiences temporary smell impairment (microsmia/hyposmia) during acute attacks.
  • The underlying cause of this smell dysfunction remains unclear, potentially involving autonomic responses or central sensory processing alterations.