Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation01:28

Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation

2.9K
Since all objects on the Earth's surface move through a circle every 24 hours, there must be a net centripetal force on each object, directed towards the center of that circle. The points of the north and south poles are the only exception to this rule.
For an object on the Earth's equator, the net centripetal force that accounts for its rotation is the Earth's pull towards its center, or the weight minus the normal force that prevents it from piercing into the Earth's surface....
2.9K
Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface01:20

Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface

1.9K
An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's...
1.9K
Doppler Effect - I00:56

Doppler Effect - I

4.7K
The Doppler effect and Doppler shift were named after the Austrian physicist and mathematician Christian Johann Doppler in 1842, who conducted experiments with both moving sources and moving observers. Consider an observer standing on a street corner, observing an ambulance with a siren sound passing by at a constant speed. The observer experiences two characteristic changes in the sound of the siren. Initially, the sound increases in loudness as the ambulance approaches and decreases in...
4.7K
Doppler Effect - II01:05

Doppler Effect - II

4.2K
The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...
4.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

1.2K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
1.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.1K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The origins of patchy aurora at Jupiter.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks (COMPASS): A Mission Concept to Explore the Extremes of Jupiter's Magnetosphere.

Space science reviews·2026
Same author

The IMAP-Ultra Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imager.

Space science reviews·2025
Same author

Interstellar Mapping And Acceleration Probe: The NASA IMAP Mission.

Space science reviews·2025
Same author

Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection in Ganymede's Wake Region From Juno.

Journal of geophysical research. Space physics·2024
Same author

Juno Plasma Wave Observations at Ganymede.

Geophysical research letters·2023
Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Dementia risk in middle-aged people linked to a blood protein.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: What's really happening with trust in science.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
11:34

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

11.5K

Rotationally driven 'zebra stripes' in Earth's inner radiation belt.

A Y Ukhorskiy1, M I Sitnov1, D G Mitchell1

  • 1Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA.

Nature
|March 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Earth's rotation creates surprising "zebra stripes" in radiation belt electron distributions, even during low solar activity. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about particle dynamics in Earth's magnetosphere.

More Related Videos

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
06:14

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

5.7K
Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
12:18

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

Published on: June 27, 2022

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
11:34

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

11.5K
Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
06:14

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

5.7K
Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
12:18

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

Published on: June 27, 2022

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Space Physics
  • Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Previously, structured radiation belt particle distributions were linked solely to solar wind activity.
  • Planetary rotation's role in particle acceleration was considered significant for gas giants but negligible for Earth's inner magnetosphere due to low induced electric fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of structured energetic electron distributions observed in Earth's inner radiation belt.
  • To determine if planetary rotation influences radiation belt dynamics under low solar wind conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of energetic electron distribution data in Earth's inner radiation belt.
  • Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling to simulate particle dynamics and field interactions.
  • Investigating the resonant interactions between Earth's rotation-induced fields and trapped electrons.

Main Results:

  • Observed highly structured 'zebra stripe' patterns in energetic electron distributions across the inner radiation belt, persisting even during low solar wind activity.
  • Modeling confirmed that Earth's rotation is the primary driver of these observed stripe patterns.
  • Identified resonant interactions between diurnal variations in magnetic and electric fields (induced by rotation) and electrons with near-24-hour drift periods.

Conclusions:

  • Earth's rotation plays a significant, previously unrecognized role in structuring energetic electron populations in the inner radiation belt.
  • The findings challenge the long-held view that rotation is inconsequential for Earth's radiation belt dynamics.
  • These rotation-induced patterns demonstrate a fundamental mechanism influencing energetic particle behavior in planetary magnetospheres.