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Updated: May 2, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
Published on: June 8, 2022
Cell adhesion molecules as potential biomarkers of nephritis, damage and accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with
S Skeoch1, S Haque2, P Pemberton3
1Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute for Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK sarah.skeoch@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk.
Objectives:
The aim of the current study was to compare levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in lupus patients and controls and to investigate their association with clinical phenotype, disease activity and damage.
Methods:
We compared levels of serum VCAM-1 and E-selectin in 178 female lupus patients and 69 age-and sex-matched controls. Using linear regression we also examined the association between these markers and disease activity, damage, renal and skin involvement as well as clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease.
Results:
E-selectin was increased in patients compared to controls (median (IQR) 10.5 (6.85, 13.9) vs 7.86 (5.39, 10.4) ng/ml; p < 0.001). E-selectin was also associated with overall damage and carotid plaque (β (95% confidence interval): 0.27 (0.029, 0.511) and 0.26 (0.148, 0.507)). Whilst there was no significant difference in VCAM-1 levels between groups overall, we found a significant association between VCAM-1 and with active renal disease (β (95% confidence interval): 1.10 (0.69, 1.51)).
Conclusions:
E-selectin may act as a marker of cardiovascular risk in SLE, whilst VCAM-1 may have a role as a non-invasive biomarker for lupus nephritis activity.
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