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Bioterrorism: a laboratory who does it?

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The 2001 anthrax attacks highlighted the critical role of clinical and public health laboratories in responding to bioterrorism events. These labs faced unprecedented challenges testing patients and environmental samples during the biological warfare attack.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Biodefense

Background:

  • The first major biological warfare attack in the U.S. occurred in October 2001.
  • This event involved the dissemination of a select agent, causing widespread public concern and requiring laboratory response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the crucial role of clinical and public health microbiology laboratories during a select agent event.
  • To examine the laboratory's response to the 2001 bioterrorism attacks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of laboratory activities during the 2001 anthrax attacks.
  • Analysis of specimen testing requests from patients and environmental sources.

Main Results:

  • Clinical microbiology laboratories initially tested acutely ill patients and exposed individuals.
  • Public health and clinical laboratories subsequently handled numerous requests for testing the "worried well" and contaminated materials.

Conclusions:

  • The 2001 attacks demonstrated the essential function of microbiology laboratories in bioterrorism response.
  • Laboratories must be prepared to manage diverse testing demands during public health emergencies and acts of bioterrorism.