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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

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Multidrug-resistant breast cancer: current perspectives.

Heather L Martin1, Laura Smith2, Darren C Tomlinson1

  • 1BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

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|March 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Multidrug-resistant breast cancer poses a clinical challenge. Understanding molecular mechanisms like the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, microRNAs, and epigenetics can lead to new targeted therapies.

Keywords:
ERHER2PI3K/AktepigeneticsmiRNAtriple negative

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Breast cancer is a leading global cancer in women.
  • Therapeutic resistance is a significant clinical hurdle.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing novel treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding multidrug-resistant breast cancer.
  • To emphasize common molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to targeted and chemotherapies.
  • To discuss the interaction of these mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in breast cancer resistance.
  • Focus on molecular mechanisms including phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, microRNAs, and epigenetic alterations.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting these resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified key molecular mechanisms contributing to multidrug resistance in breast cancer.
  • Highlighted the interplay between the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, microRNAs, and epigenetic changes.
  • Explored how these mechanisms confer resistance to tamoxifen, trastuzumab, and chemotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding molecular mechanisms of resistance is vital for overcoming therapeutic challenges in breast cancer.
  • Targeting pathways like PI3K/Akt, microRNAs, and epigenetic modifications offers potential for new treatment strategies.
  • Combined targeting of these mechanisms may improve efficacy against multidrug-resistant breast cancer.