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Brain metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinomas.

Kyoji Tsuda1, Hideo Tsurushima1, Shingo Takano1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology
|March 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Papillary thyroid carcinoma brain metastases are rare but indicate a poor prognosis. These late-stage metastases often lead to death from widespread organ failure rather than direct brain effects.

Keywords:
brain metastasispapillary thyroid carcinomaprognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer with a generally good prognosis.
  • Brain metastases from PTC are uncommon, reported in 0.1-5% of cases.
  • Understanding the clinical course and outcomes of PTC brain metastases is crucial for end-stage patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma brain metastases.
  • To analyze the survival rates and causes of death in this patient cohort.
  • To determine the prognostic significance of brain metastases in advanced PTC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from 1976-2011.
  • Inclusion of 5 patients diagnosed with PTC brain metastasis.
  • Review of treatment modalities including surgery and radiation therapy, and survival data.

Main Results:

  • The mean age at diagnosis of brain metastasis was 64.6 years.
  • The average time from PTC resection to brain metastasis detection was 91.7 months.
  • All 5 patients died within a mean of 9.0 months after brain metastasis diagnosis, often due to metastasis to other organs.

Conclusions:

  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma brain metastases represent an end-stage event with a poor prognosis.
  • Survival is often limited by metastasis to vital organs rather than the brain itself.
  • Intratumoral hemorrhage was a cause of death in one patient.