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Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the primary macronutrients in the human diet. However, carbohydrates are the most favored source of energy in the body. They can be found in a wide variety of foods, including whole grains, fruit, and vegetables, in various forms, such as sugars, starch, and dietary fiber. Based on their structure, carbohydrates are classified into three main classes— monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. The body's cells can only utilize simple...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

High-throughput, Microscale Protocol for the Analysis of Processing Parameters and Nutritional Qualities in Maize Zea mays L.
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Global maize production, utilization, and consumption.

Peter Ranum1, Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal

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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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Maize, or corn, is a vital global crop with diverse uses, including food, industrial products, and fuel ethanol. Increased demand for corn ethanol impacts food prices, highlighting maize

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Food Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Maize (Zea mays) originated in Mexico and was developed by Native Americans.
  • It is a globally cultivated crop, with the US, China, and Brazil as top producers.
  • Maize is composed of 72% starch, 10% protein, and 4% fat, offering high energy density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted applications of maize.
  • To analyze the impact of increasing fuel ethanol production on maize markets.
  • To assess maize as a potential vehicle for food fortification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of maize origin, nutritional composition, and global production.
  • Analysis of market trends, focusing on the rise of fuel ethanol production.
  • Evaluation of maize flour and cornmeal as fortification vehicles.

Main Results:

  • Maize is processed into starch, sweeteners, oil, beverages, industrial alcohol, and fuel ethanol.
  • Fuel ethanol production accounts for 40% of US maize use, increasing competition and prices.
  • Maize flour and cornmeal are cost-effective staples, ideal for fortification in deficient regions.

Conclusions:

  • Maize is a versatile crop with significant economic and nutritional importance.
  • The growing demand for corn ethanol poses challenges to food security and price stability.
  • Maize fortification presents a viable strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies.