Addressing sexuality in youth with autism spectrum disorders: current pediatric practices and barriers

Research on adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has focused on promoting independence and optimizing quality of life, yet the areas of sexual development and sexuality has been largely neglected. The American Academy of Pediatrics encourages pediatricians to address sexuality issues in youth with disabilities to foster healthy development and minimize negative consequences. However, it is unclear to what extent pediatricians address sexuality issues in this population.

Two hundred three pediatricians who regularly care for youth with ASD completed an online survey about their experiences in providing sexuality-related care to families and youth with ASD.

Respondents discussed an average of 10.9 of 26 sexuality topics with all families at least once during routine visits. Experience in caring for youth with ASD correlated positively with the number of sexuality-related topics discussed and with self-reported comfort discussing sexuality with parents of youth with ASD. The most common barriers to providing comprehensive sexuality-related care to youth with ASD included logistical barriers, pediatrician and parent discomfort, lack of training, and absence of information and materials to help pediatricians address sexuality in this population.

Although most pediatricians acknowledged the importance of addressing sexuality-related issues with youth with ASD and their families, several important sexuality-related topics were rarely discussed due to a variety of perceived barriers. Implications and recommendations are discussed.