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Bong Jik Kim1, Seung-Ha Oh2

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Summary

Cognitive aging affects speech recognition, but not all older adults experience decline. Individual differences in cognitive function, like working memory and processing speed, influence speech perception abilities in aging populations.

Keywords:
AgingCognitionPlasticitySpeech perception

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Speech and Hearing Sciences

Background:

  • Aging is a complex biological process with poorly understood mechanisms.
  • Cognitive aging is associated with potential declines in cognitive functions, including working memory and processing speed.
  • While some studies show age-related speech recognition decline, others indicate preserved abilities, suggesting heterogeneity in aging outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between cognitive aging and speech perception.
  • To identify specific cognitive factors influencing speech recognition in older adults.
  • To understand the heterogeneity in age-related changes in speech perception.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on cognitive aging and speech perception.
  • Analysis of cognitive factors such as working memory capacity and information processing speed.
  • Examination of the role of peripheral sensory issues versus cognitive contributions to speech perception decline.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive abilities are integral to speech processing.
  • Working memory capacity and the rate of information processing are two key cognitive factors that may decline with age and impact speech perception.
  • Age-related decline in speech recognition is not universal and can be influenced by cognitive factors, not solely peripheral sensory changes.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive function plays a significant role in speech perception, particularly in older adults.
  • Individual differences in cognitive aging contribute to variability in speech perception abilities.
  • Cognitive function should be considered in the evaluation and management of speech perception difficulties in aging individuals.