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Updated: May 1, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
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Interleukin-6: possible biological roles during exercise.

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  • 1a Rīga Stradiņš University , Riga , Latvia.

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key cytokine released during exercise. Its concentration is influenced by exercise intensity, duration, and muscle damage, acting as an energy sensor to meet metabolic demands.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with diverse biological roles.
  • IL-6 signaling occurs via membrane-bound IL-6 receptors or soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130).
  • Exercise acutely increases plasma IL-6 levels, prompting research into influencing factors and functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors affecting plasma IL-6 concentration changes during acute exercise.
  • To explore the biological roles of IL-6, particularly its function as an 'energy sensor' during physical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating IL-6 response to acute exercise.
  • Analysis of factors including exercise intensity, duration, contraction type, muscle damage, training status, and performance.

Main Results:

  • Exercise intensity, duration, muscle damage, and contraction type significantly influence IL-6 response.
  • Data regarding the impact of training status and performance on IL-6 levels during exercise remain inconclusive.
  • IL-6 is increasingly recognized as an 'energy sensor' released by skeletal muscle.

Conclusions:

  • IL-6 plays a crucial role in modulating cellular responses during exercise.
  • Exercise-induced IL-6 contributes to energy metabolism by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis and adipose tissue lipolysis.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of training status in modulating IL-6 responses to exercise.