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Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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How does smoking affect olfaction in Parkinson's disease?

Marcello Moccia1, Marina Picillo1, Roberto Erro2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|March 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Smoking negatively impacts smell in healthy individuals but not in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This suggests that PD and smoking interact, rather than independently contributing to smell impairment.

Keywords:
NeuroprotectionNicotineOlfactionParkinson's diseaseSmellSmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Smell impairment is linked to both Parkinson's disease (PD) and smoking.
  • Cigarette smoking is paradoxically associated with a reduced risk of PD, suggesting potential neuroprotective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between smoking and olfactory function in individuals with and without Parkinson's disease.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 68 PD patients and 61 healthy controls.
  • Olfactory function was assessed using the Italian version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-40).
  • Participants were categorized by PD diagnosis and smoking status for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Non-smoker controls had significantly higher UPSIT-40 scores than all other groups (smoker controls, non-smoker PD patients, smoker PD patients).
  • Smoking appeared to impair olfaction in controls but not in PD patients.
  • No significant olfactory differences were observed between smoker controls, smoker PD patients, and non-smoker PD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Parkinson's disease and smoking may not be independent risk factors for smell impairment.
  • An interaction between PD and smoking influences olfactory function, contrary to the general population where smoking negatively affects smell.