Allograft mucormycosis due to Rhizopus microsporus in a kidney transplant recipient

Mucormycosis is an uncommon infectious complication with fatal outcome after kidney transplantation. We describe a rare form of mucormycosis in allograft kidney. The patient was a 54-year-old man who underwent deceased-donor transplantation. The patient experienced delayed graft function and new-onset diabetes within 1 week after transplantation. Four weeks after transplantation, he was readmitted because of allograft dysfunction without fever or pain. Ultrasonography showed enlarged allograft with normal blood flow. He was received broad antibiotics for 6 days, but allograft function was not recovered. Seven days after admission, allograft biopsy was performed, and in microscopic examination, extensive necrotic areas with disseminated fungal invasion were seen, and it was identified as Rhizopus microsporus by culture and DNA analysis. With allograft nephrectomy, he was treated with amphotericin B. Despite intensive antifungal drugs after graft nephrectomy, the patient died of disseminated fungal infection.