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Cardiovascular risk profile of young adults: changes over time
António Tralhão1, Pedro Jerónimo Sousa2, António Miguel Ferreira1
1Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Oeiras, Portugal.
Background And Objective:
The high prevalence and natural history of atherosclerosis make young people important targets for cardiovascular prevention. This study aimed to analyze changes over time in the cardiovascular risk profile of a population of healthy young adults.
Methods:
We studied 923 Portuguese Air Force applicants between 1991 and 2007, divided into two-year periods. In addition to cardiovascular risk factors, the Framingham score and HeartScore were calculated for age 65. Cochran-Armitage and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests for trend were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
Results:
Mean age was 19.2 ± 2.3 years (p = 0.34) and 55 applicants (6%) were female (p = 0.56). Mean body mass index was 22.4 ± 2.5 kg (p for trend 0.35). The number of smokers decreased over the study period (11.6 vs. 7.0%, p for trend 0.02). Of the total number of applicants, 122 (13.2%) were classified as hypertensive. Mean systolic blood pressure was 127 ± 12 mmHg and increased significantly over time (122 ± 13 vs. 128 ± 11 mmHg, p for trend <0.001). Hypercholesterolemia was found in 108 applicants (11.7%) and total cholesterol showed an improvement (170 ± 35 vs. 155 ± 26 mg/dl, p for trend <0.001). The mean modified Framingham score was 12.6 ± 5.1 and improved over the study period (12.9 ± 5.9% vs. 11.9 ± 4.7%, p for trend 0.006). The mean modified HeartScore was 3.2 ± 1.4 and remained unchanged (p for trend 0.10).
Conclusions:
In our population, except for an increase in systolic blood pressure values, there was an overall improvement in cardiovascular risk from 1991 to 2007. Further studies are needed to better assess the situation in Portugal and help devise preventive strategies in young people.
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