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Pigmentation01:19

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Fixation and Sectioning01:03

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Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
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Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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Updated: May 1, 2026

Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing
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Hair cosmetics: dyes.

A Guerra-Tapia1, E Gonzalez-Guerra1

  • 1Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.

Actas Dermo-Sifiliograficas
|March 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hair dyes offer cosmetic enhancement for appearance and can address scalp conditions. Dermatologists can leverage knowledge of hair dyes, their application, and potential side effects for comprehensive hair care.

Keywords:
CancerCosméticos capilaresCuero cabelludoCáncerDyesEccemaEczemaHairHair cosmeticsPeloScalpTintes

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Science
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Hair appearance significantly impacts body image and self-perception.
  • Cosmetics and various techniques have historically been employed to alter hair appearance.
  • The cosmetics industry provides diverse products for both healthy hair and scalp conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of hair dyes in cosmetic enhancement.
  • To understand the application and effects of different dye compositions.
  • To highlight the dermatologist's role in understanding cosmetic hair treatments and their side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cosmetic dye compositions (oxidative and nonoxidative).
  • Analysis of dye penetration and longevity.
  • Examination of potential side effects associated with hair dyes.

Main Results:

  • Hair dyes can temporarily or permanently alter hair color through bleaching or coloring.
  • Dye effectiveness depends on composition and penetration depth.
  • Potential side effects include contact eczema, cancer risk, increased porosity, and brittleness.

Conclusions:

  • Hair dyes serve dual purposes: cosmetic alteration and treatment of hair/scalp issues.
  • Dermatological knowledge of dyes aids in understanding cosmetic resources for hair health.
  • Awareness of dye side effects is crucial for safe application and management.