Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 1, 2026
13:41
Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
Published on: March 8, 2012
11.4K
HPV16 E2 protein promotes innate immunity by modulating immunosuppressive status.
Nuchsupha Sunthamala1, Chamsai Pientong2, Tatsukuni Ohno3
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|March 25, 2014
Summary
The human papillomavirus type 16 E2 protein enhances anti-tumor immunity by reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells. This modulation promotes innate immune responses against HPV-infected cells.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Oncology
Background:
- Immune responses and immune escape are critical in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and carcinogenesis.
- The role of early viral proteins, like HPV16 E2, in modulating host immunity requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the function of the HPV16 E2 protein in host innate immune responses.
- To evaluate the impact of HPV16 E2 on anti-tumor immunity in a murine model.
Main Methods:
- Generation of an HPV16 E2-transfected murine squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC/E2).
- Evaluation of anti-tumor responses in T-cell-depleted mice inoculated with SCC/E2 cells.
- Assessment of natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations.
Main Results:
- Tumor growth was significantly reduced in SCC/E2-inoculated mice.
- NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells was enhanced.
- A significant decrease in MDSCs and their related mediators (iNOS, IDO, HO-1) was observed in SCC/E2-inoculated tumors.
Conclusions:
- HPV16 E2 acts as a local immunomodulator, promoting anti-tumor innate effector function.
- HPV16 E2 modulates immunoregulatory events involving MDSCs and their mediators.
- These findings reveal a novel role for HPV16 E2 in controlling HPV-associated carcinogenesis through immune modulation.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis
58
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
58
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
2.4K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.4K
02:23Abnormal Proliferation
4.0K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.0K
01:26Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
1.7K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.7K
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
01:27Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
7.0K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.0K