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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Demonstration of Heterologous Complexes formed by Golgi-Resident Type III Membrane Proteins using Split Luciferase Complementation Assay
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Structural insight into the PTS sugar transporter EIIC.

Jason G McCoy1, Elena J Levin1, Ming Zhou1

  • 1Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|March 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The enzyme IIB (EIIC) component of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) transports and phosphorylates sugars in bacteria. Structural analysis reveals conserved residues and domain motion critical for this selective sugar uptake process.

Keywords:
ChbCEnzyme IICMembrane proteinPhosphotransferase systemSugar transportTransporter

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Area of Science:

  • Membrane protein structure and function
  • Bacterial sugar transport mechanisms
  • Biochemistry and biophysics of membrane proteins

Background:

  • The enzyme IIB (EIIC) component of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) facilitates selective sugar transport across bacterial membranes.
  • Sugar phosphorylation by EIIC prevents efflux and is crucial for bacterial carbohydrate utilization and signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural features of EIIC and its role in concentrative, selective sugar transport.
  • To use the N,N'-diacetylchitobiose transporter structure as a template for understanding the glucose superfamily of PTS transporters.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of EIIC protein sequences.
  • Utilizing crystal structure data of a related transporter as a model.
  • Examining structural variations and conserved residues within the glucose superfamily.

Main Results:

  • EIIC transporters within the glucose superfamily may display topological variations.
  • Conserved histidine and glutamate residues are implicated in sugar binding and phosphorylation.
  • A proposed transport model involves rigid body motion and loop movement for substrate access.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary understanding of EIIC transport mechanisms is established.
  • Sequence diversity necessitates further structural studies of various EIIC members and conformations.
  • Additional structural data is required to fully elucidate the conformational changes involved in transport.