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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...

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Single-Digit Nanometer Electron-Beam Lithography with an Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

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Published on: September 14, 2018

All-water-based electron-beam lithography using silk as a resist.

Sunghwan Kim¹, Benedetto Marelli², Mark A Brenckle³

¹1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA [2] [3].

Nature Nanotechnology

|March 25, 2014

Summary

This study introduces silk as a novel, eco-friendly resist for electron-beam lithography (EBL). This water-based method simplifies nanofabrication, offering a sustainable alternative for creating nanoscale structures.

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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

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Published on: March 20, 2015

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biomaterials

Background:

Traditional nanofabrication methods are complex, costly, and often rely on toxic chemicals.
Existing 'green' resist approaches for nanofabrication face limitations in sensitivity, resolution, and scalability.
There is a need for simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly nanofabrication techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a sustainable and versatile resist material for electron-beam lithography (EBL).
To demonstrate the feasibility of an entirely water-based nanofabrication process using a natural material.
To explore the potential of silk as both a positive and negative resist, and as a platform for functionalized resists.

Main Methods:

Utilized an aqueous silk solution as the resist material for EBL.
Developed the exposed silk films using a simple water-based development process.
Fabricated nanoscale photonic lattices using neat silk and silk doped with quantum dots, GFP, or HRP.

Main Results:

Silk demonstrated utility as both a positive and negative resist due to its crystalline structure.
Achieved entirely water-based processing from resist application to development.
Successfully fabricated nanoscale photonic lattices, showcasing the viability of silk EBL.
Demonstrated the creation of functionalized resists by doping silk with nanoparticles and biomolecules.

Conclusions:

Silk is a promising natural, biofunctional, and water-developable resist for EBL.
This approach offers a simplified, eco-friendly, and scalable alternative to traditional nanofabrication techniques.
Silk-based nanofabrication opens avenues for creating advanced functional nanomaterials and devices.