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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

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Tracking Bispecific Antibody-Induced T Cell Trafficking Using Luciferase-Transduced Human T Cells
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Tracking and treating activated T cells.

N H Kim1, V Nadithe1, M Elsayed1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
|March 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Activated T cells are key players in cell-mediated immunity and diseases. This review covers imaging and therapeutic strategies for activated T cells, exploring theranostic agent potential.

Keywords:
Activated T cellsImagingTargetingTheragnosticsTreatmentsiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • T cells are crucial mediators of cell-mediated immunity.
  • Activated T cells are implicated in numerous immune system-related diseases, including inflammatory conditions, viral infections, and autoimmune disorders.
  • Specific targeting of activated T cells is essential for both diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current imaging approaches for specifically visualizing activated T cells.
  • To summarize selective therapeutic strategies targeting activated T cells.
  • To explore the potential of combining imaging and therapy into theranostic agents for activated T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of imaging techniques applicable to activated T cells.
  • Review of selective therapeutic modalities targeting activated T cells.
  • Analysis of current research on theranostic applications in immunology.

Main Results:

  • Various imaging modalities can visualize activated T cells.
  • Several targeted therapies exist for modulating activated T cell activity.
  • The integration of imaging and therapy into theranostic agents is a promising future direction.

Conclusions:

  • Activated T cells are critical targets in immune-mediated diseases.
  • Advances in imaging and therapeutics offer new ways to specifically address activated T cells.
  • Theranostic agents hold potential for simultaneous tracking and treatment of activated T cells.