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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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Differences in methodological quality between positive and negative published clinical trials.

Noelle M Chiavetta1, Ana R S Martins, Inês C R Henriques

  • 1Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Journal of Advanced Nursing
|March 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Methodological quality may differ between positive and negative nursing clinical trials, potentially biasing results. Enhancing critical appraisal skills is crucial for evidence-based practice in nursing.

Keywords:
clinical trialevidence-based nursingmethodological qualitynursing practicenursing researchprofessional issuespublication bias

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing Research
  • Clinical Trials
  • Publication Bias

Background:

  • Nursing publications have grown, increasing reliance on research for clinical decisions.
  • Assessing the quality of published nursing research is essential.
  • A potential bias exists where studies with positive findings may be of lower methodological quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the methodological quality of nursing clinical trials reporting positive versus negative findings.
  • To examine differences in sample size calculation methodologies between positive and negative trials.

Main Methods:

  • A secondary analysis of published nursing clinical trials was conducted.
  • Twenty articles from each of three major nursing journals (2010-2012) were assessed.
  • Quality was evaluated using Jadad scores, methodological rigor, and total sample size.

Main Results:

  • Potential differences in methodological quality were identified between trials with positive and negative outcomes.
  • This could lead to biased results in positive trials or unfair dismissal of negative trials.
  • Adherence to reporting guidelines like CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) is inconsistent but recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Nurses and students must be able to critically appraise published trial quality for informed clinical decision-making.
  • Recognizing quality differences is vital for implementing evidence-based practice effectively.
  • Improving reporting standards and reader assessment skills can positively impact patient care.