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Reference intervals for urinary renal injury biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL in healthy children

Stephen J McWilliam1, Daniel J Antoine, Venkata Sabbisetti

  • 1Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK. d.antoine@liv.ac.uk.

Biomarkers in Medicine
|March 26, 2014
PubMed

Insights

This study establishes reference intervals for kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in healthy children. Findings reveal demographic variations and diurnal patterns for these acute kidney injury biomarkers.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosis in children lacks established reference ranges for novel biomarkers.
  • Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) show promise as urinary AKI indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine reference intervals for urinary KIM-1 and NGAL in healthy pediatric populations.
  • To compare biomarker levels across different demographics and analytical platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Urinary KIM-1 and NGAL levels were measured in pediatric cohorts from the UK and USA.
  • Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) and Luminex platforms were utilized for biomarker quantification.

Main Results:

  • Reference intervals were established for KIM-1 and NGAL, stratified by sex and ethnicity.
  • Higher NGAL concentrations were observed in females compared to males.
  • Lower KIM-1 concentrations were found in African-Americans versus Caucasians, with diurnal variation noted.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first reference intervals for urinary KIM-1 and NGAL in healthy children across UK and US populations.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering demographic factors and diurnal variation when interpreting these biomarkers.
  • Validation across two analytical methods supports the reliability of the established reference ranges.
Abstract

Keywords:
KIM-1nephrotoxicitypediatric nephrologyproximal tubule

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