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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80%...
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Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
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Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Chronic migraine.

Todd J Schwedt1

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.

BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|March 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic migraine, affecting 2% of people, involves frequent debilitating headaches. Management requires a comprehensive approach including trigger avoidance and varied treatments to reduce patient burden.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Chronic migraine is a disabling neurologic condition impacting 2% of the population.
  • It is characterized by headaches on ≥15 days/month, with ≥8 meeting migraine criteria.
  • This condition imposes a significant burden on patients and society due to frequent pain and associated symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of chronic migraine.
  • To discuss epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
  • To explore future research and treatment directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current knowledge on chronic migraine.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies.
  • Discussion of risk factors and pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Chronic migraine develops gradually and is associated with specific risk factors.
  • Diagnosis involves patient history, neurological exam, and sometimes further tests.
  • Treatment is multifaceted, including lifestyle changes, prophylaxis, and limited abortive therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic migraine requires a multifaceted management strategy.
  • Understanding risk factors and pathophysiology is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Continued research is essential for advancing chronic migraine care.