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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

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The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
14:52

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

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[Posture disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis].

A V Zakharov1, Ia V Vlasov, I E Poverennova

  • 1Kafedra nevrologii i neĭrokhirurgii Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|March 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with sensory system lesions experience the greatest postural instability. Understanding these deficits helps identify compensatory mechanisms for improved balance in MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Context:

  • Postural instability is a common and significant symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Reduced postural control in MS correlates with neurological deficit severity and impacts daily activities.
  • Investigating the relationship between specific lesion locations and postural control disturbances is crucial for MS management.

Purpose:

  • To study postural control disturbances in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients based on functional system lesion location.
  • To evaluate the involvement of specific systems (visual, motor, sensory, cerebellar, brainstem) in postural control functions in MS.
  • To identify which lesion locations most significantly impair static postural control.

Summary:

  • Sixty-one patients with confirmed MS were stratified into five groups based on lesion location: visual, motor, sensory, cerebellar, or brainstem systems.
  • The study found that maximal impairment of static postural control was associated with lesions in the sensory system.
  • Compensatory mechanisms involving central and neuromuscular systems were observed.

Impact:

  • Findings highlight the critical role of the sensory system in maintaining upright stability in MS patients.
  • Identifying specific lesion-related postural deficits can inform targeted rehabilitation strategies.
  • Understanding compensatory mechanisms may lead to interventions to improve balance and functional independence in MS.