Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Meridians01:28

Meridians

1.1K
In surveying, meridians are vital reference lines to measure directions and establish accurate land orientations. Meridians run from the north to the south poles, providing a stable framework for angular measurements and mapping. Meridians are fundamental in survey design, with the primary types being astronomic, magnetic, and assumed meridians. Each type offers distinct benefits and limitations, selected based on the project's scale and precision needs.The astronomic meridian is aligned with...
1.1K
Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion

4.9K
In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. He formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.
Polish astronomer Nikolaus Copernicus put forth a theory that stated a heliocentric model for the solar system. According to this heliocentric theory, all the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun in circular orbits.
On the other hand,...
4.9K
Microbial Mats01:25

Microbial Mats

67
Microbial communities forming biofilms and mats represent complex, spatially structured ecosystems where metabolic processes are stratified according to light, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Biofilms are initial colonization stages, only a few millimeters thick, while mature microbial mats can reach centimeter-scale thickness and display intricate vertical organization. Their structural and functional heterogeneity allows microorganisms to occupy distinct ecological niches within a few...
67
Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II01:12

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II

2.9K
The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket...
2.9K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

12.1K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
12.1K
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

1.3K
In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Snow cover duration in northern Finland and the influence of key variables through a conceptual framework based on observed variations in snow depth.

The Science of the total environment·2023
Same author

Emission factors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from laboratory biomass-burning and their chemical transformations during aging in an oxidation flow reactor.

The Science of the total environment·2023
Same author

Previously unaccounted atmospheric mercury deposition in a midlatitude deciduous forest.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021
Same author

Measurement of Light Absorbing Aerosols with Folded-Jamin Photothermal Interferometry.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Optical determination of black carbon mass concentrations in snow samples: A new analytical method.

The Science of the total environment·2019
Same author

Extensive Soot Compaction by Cloud Processing from Laboratory and Field Observations.

Scientific reports·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
06:48

Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

Published on: May 10, 2020

3.0K

Blue moons and Martian sunsets.

Kurt Ehlers, Rajan Chakrabarty, Hans Moosmüller

    Applied Optics
    |March 26, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Blue sunsets on Mars and blue moons on Earth are caused by atmospheric dust. Unlike Earth

    Area of Science:

    • Planetary Science
    • Atmospheric Optics
    • Aerosol Science

    Background:

    • Earth's sunsets appear red due to Rayleigh scattering of blue light by atmospheric gases and aerosols.
    • Blue sun and moon phenomena on Earth are rare, caused by specific aerosol properties leading to greater extinction of red light.
    • Mars' atmosphere is dominated by dust aerosols, leading to distinct sky colors, including blue sunsets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of Martian dust aerosols in producing blue sunsets on Mars.
    • To explain the occurrence of blue moons and suns on Earth using aerosol optical properties.
    • To analyze the optical properties of Martian dust aerosols using Mie theory and the Debye series.

    Main Methods:

    • Calculated wavelength-dependent optical properties of common Martian dust aerosols.

    More Related Videos

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
    11:34

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

    11.5K
    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
    10:35

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

    Published on: February 12, 2013

    21.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 1, 2026

    Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
    06:48

    Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

    Published on: May 10, 2020

    3.0K
    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
    11:34

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

    11.5K
    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
    10:35

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

    Published on: February 12, 2013

    21.4K
  • Applied Mie theory and the Debye series for optical property calculations.
  • Investigated scattering and extinction phenomena related to aerosol size and composition.

    • Main Results:

    • Wavelength-selective extinction by dust aerosols can cause the sun's disk to appear blue.
    • The blue glow surrounding the sun on Mars is primarily due to the dominance of near-forward scattering of blue light by dust particles.
    • A simple Rayleigh-like selective extinction model is insufficient to explain Martian blue sunsets.

    Conclusions:

    • Martian dust aerosols significantly influence atmospheric color, creating blue sunsets through specific scattering properties.
    • The optical properties of aerosols, particularly their scattering behavior, are crucial for understanding planetary sky colors.
    • Near-forward scattering by Martian dust is the key mechanism for the blue Martian sunset glow, differing from Earth's sunset mechanisms.