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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Sensing Technology
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Distributed sensing systems are crucial for monitoring physical parameters along optical fibers.
    • Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or spatial resolution required for precise event localization.
    • Phase-sensitive measurements offer enhanced detection capabilities for subtle disturbances.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a new phase-sensitive quasi-distributed vibration and acoustical sensing method.
    • To demonstrate the system's capability for accurate detection and localization of events.
    • To validate the method's performance using discrete weak reflectors in a sensing fiber.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized double optical frequency domain reflectometry (DOFDRI) for interrogation.
    • Employed a sensing fiber with an array of discrete weak reflectors.
    • Launched two replicas of the interrogation signal with a time delay matching the inter-reflector roundtrip time.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully detected and located the fall of a paperclip from 40 cm onto a buried fiber segment.
    • Detected and precisely located minute vibrations at 440 Hz induced by a tuning fork.
    • Demonstrated high sensitivity to optical phase changes between consecutive reflectors.

    Conclusions:

    • The DOFDRI method provides a robust and sensitive approach for quasi-distributed sensing.
    • The system enables accurate detection and spatial localization of vibration and acoustic events.
    • This technique holds potential for various applications requiring precise fiber-optic-based monitoring.