Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ocular complications and treatment in patients with facial paralysis: a multi-institutional database study in Taiwan.

Japanese journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same author

Enhanced Emission and Polarization Control of Green GaN-Based Resonant Cavity LEDs with Porous Distributed Bragg Reflectors.

ACS omega·2026

Same author

Analysis of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Ascorbic Acid Levels in the Aqueous Humor of Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy.

Translational vision science & technology·2025

Same author

AI-assisted anatomical structure recognition and segmentation via mamba-transformer architecture in abdominal ultrasound images.

Frontiers in artificial intelligence·2025

Same author

Comprehensive insights into cytomegalovirus anterior segment infections: A narrative review.

Taiwan journal of ophthalmology·2025

Same author

Targeting B7-H3 enhances the efficacy of neoantigen-based cancer vaccine in combination with radiotherapy.

NPJ vaccines·2025

Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026

Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

Published on: August 4, 2018

A multiple-input-multiple-output visible light communication system based on VCSELs and spatial light modulators.

Hai-Han Lu, Ying-Pyng Lin, Po-Yi Wu

|March 26, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) system using VCSEL and SLMs significantly boosts transmission capacity. This system achieves excellent bit error rate performance, making it suitable for wireless data and telecommunication services.

More Related Videos

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT

Published on: August 4, 2018

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Wireless Communication
Signal Processing

Background:

Visible Light Communication (VLC) offers a promising alternative for high-speed wireless data transmission.
Existing VLC systems face limitations in transmission capacity and spectral efficiency.
Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques can enhance VLC system performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel MIMO VLC system.
To significantly increase the transmission capacity of VLC systems.
To achieve high-quality signal transmission with good bit error rate (BER) performance.

Main Methods:

Employing vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and spatial light modulators (SLMs).
Utilizing 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulating signals.
Implementing a space-division demultiplexing scheme.
Incorporating a low noise amplifier (LNA) and data comparator for signal enhancement.

Main Results:

Significant increase in transmission capacity demonstrated through experimental validation.
Achieved good bit error rate (BER) performance for each optical channel.
Observed clear constellation maps and eye diagrams, indicating high signal integrity.
Successful space-division demultiplexing effectively increased system capacity.

Conclusions:

The proposed MIMO VLC system effectively enhances transmission capacity.
The system exhibits robust performance with clear signal quality metrics.
This technology is well-suited for future wireless data and telecommunication services.
The demonstrated system is applicable to lightwave communication systems in wireless transmission.