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Updated: May 1, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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    A novel windowed Fourier transform method enhances X-ray grating interferometry by improving spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in fringe pattern analysis. This single-shot technique overcomes limitations of conventional Fourier transforms for precise measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Conventional Fourier transforms (FT) in X-ray grating-based interferometry require long fringe periods for adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
    • Phase-stepping methods offer high resolution but necessitate multiple images, limiting applications.
    • Existing FT methods degrade spatial resolution when optimizing SNR for single-shot fringe pattern analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a new phase demodulation approach using windowed Fourier transforms (WFT).
    • To achieve high spatial resolution and high SNR in single-shot X-ray grating interferometry.
    • To overcome the limitations of conventional FT methods in fringe pattern analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of windowed Fourier transforms (WFT) for fringe pattern analysis.
    • Isolation of the objective spectrum within the Fourier space.
    • Theoretical proof of spectrum isolation under specific assumptions.
    • Experimental validation using synthetic phantoms and practical data.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed WFT method theoretically isolates the objective spectrum.
    • Spatial resolution is improved by accepting practical limitations related to assumptions.
    • Modulation transfer function (MTF) comparison demonstrates superior performance over conventional FT.
    • High spatial resolution and high SNR are achieved on experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • The WFT approach offers a significant advancement for single-shot X-ray grating interferometry.
    • It enables high-resolution, high-SNR phase demodulation without multiple acquisitions.
    • The method is validated both theoretically and experimentally, proving its practical utility.