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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
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Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

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When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Human Dupuytren's Ex Vivo Culture for the Study of Myofibroblasts and Extracellular Matrix Interactions
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Dynamism in Dupuytren's contractures.

J N Rodrigues1, W Zhang2, B E Scammell3

  • 1Division of Orthopaedic & Accident Surgery, University of Nottingham & Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK j.n.rodrigues@doctors.org.uk.

The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume
|March 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Dupuytren

Keywords:
Dupuytren’s contractureDupuytren’s diseaseDynamismfingergoniometryjoint

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Hand Surgery
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Dupuytren's contractures involve finger joint stiffness.
  • Joint position can influence contracture measurements.
  • This phenomenon, known as dynamism, may impact clinical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify dynamism in pre-operative Dupuytren's contractures.
  • To assess the impact of dynamism on joint extension deficits.
  • To evaluate potential errors and bias in research measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 85 digits with contractures affecting metacarpophalangeal (MCPJ) and/or proximal interphalangeal (PIPJ) joints.
  • Measured passive joint extension deficits to identify dynamism.
  • Analyzed data considering joint involvement and prior surgery.

Main Results:

  • Dynamism was observed in 89% of digits studied (76/85).
  • Dynamism was particularly prevalent at the PIPJ (87%).
  • Mean dynamism was 6° at the MCPJ and 14° at the PIPJ; prior surgery did not affect it.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamism is a common characteristic of Dupuytren's contractures.
  • It significantly affects joint measurements, potentially introducing bias.
  • Researchers must account for dynamism in clinical trials and outcome assessments.