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Changes in metal mobility associated with bark beetle-induced tree mortality.

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Bark beetle infestations increase metal mobility in forests. Pine needle leachate from dead trees mobilizes aluminum, copper, and zinc in soil water, impacting forest ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

  • Forest Ecology
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Large-scale bark beetle infestations cause conifer forest mortality.
  • Forest mortality alters dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycling.
  • Altered DOC can impact metal mobility through complexation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of bark beetle infestations on metal release and transport.
  • To analyze soil-water samples and conduct laboratory soil column experiments.
  • To explore the relationship between DOC and metal mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed field soil-water samples beneath infested trees.
  • Conducted laboratory flow-through soil column experiments.
  • Introduced pine needle leachate and artificial rainwater to mimic field conditions.
  • Measured effluent metal (Al, Cu, Zn) and DOC concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Elevated concentrations of Al, Cu, and Zn found in effluent with pine needle leachate.
  • Aluminum mobility correlated with hydrophobic DOC; copper correlated with total DOC.
  • Field and lab results showed increased copper and zinc concentrations under beetle-impacted trees, especially after needle drop.
  • Pine needle leachate led to high zinc effluent concentrations and soil sorption.

Conclusions:

  • Bark beetle infestations increase the potential mobility of Zn, Cu, and Al.
  • Pine needle leachate contributes to metal and carbon deposition in forest soils.
  • Increased soil sorption of carbon and zinc indicates potential for future release.
  • Further research is needed to determine impacts on adjacent surface waters.