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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
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Updated: May 1, 2026

The In ovo CAM-assay as a Xenograft Model for Sarcoma
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Clear cell chondrosarcoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst changes.

Timothy Tay1, Steven Bak Siew Wong, Kesavan so Sittampalam

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Clear cell chondrosarcoma, a rare low-grade malignancy, often mimics benign conditions radiologically. This case highlights diagnostic challenges due to atypical features resembling avascular necrosis and aneurysmal bone cysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Clear cell chondrosarcoma is a rare, low-grade malignant cartilaginous tumor.
  • Its clinical and radiological presentation can mimic benign bone lesions, complicating diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A case of clear cell chondrosarcoma in the proximal femur presented with atypical features.
  • Initial radiographs suggested chronic avascular necrosis, posing a diagnostic challenge.

Findings:

  • The tumor exhibited extensive aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes, a rare histological finding.
  • These changes further confounded the interpretation of radiological findings.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare differentials in bone tumors.
  • Atypical radiological presentations require thorough histopathological evaluation for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.