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CNS structural anomalies in Iranian children with global developmental delay
Gholam Reza Zamani1, Reza Shervin-Badv2, Ali Niksirat3
1Associate Professor of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Brain structural anomalies are a significant cause of global developmental delay (GDD) in children. Unenhanced brain MRI is crucial for diagnosis, and adequate folate intake may help prevent central nervous system (CNS) malformations.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neuroimaging
- Developmental Pediatrics
Background:
- Central Nervous System (CNS) malformations are a leading cause of Global Developmental Delay (GDD) in children.
- Inherited metabolic and chromosomal disorders account for a notable percentage of GDD cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of brain structural anomalies and their subtypes in children with GDD.
- To investigate the role of various etiologic factors contributing to GDD.
Main Methods:
- Utilized unenhanced brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data.
- Analyzed neuroimaging results from 405 children with GDD referred to a pediatric neurology clinic.
- Data collected between September 2009 and September 2010.
Main Results:
- Brain structural anomalies were identified in 20% (80 out of 405) of the children studied.
- A family history of brain structural disorders was present in 8.7% of cases.
- Inadequate folate consumption during pregnancy was reported in 20% of mothers.
Conclusions:
- Unenhanced cranial MRI is a fundamental diagnostic tool for evaluating children with GDD.
- Adequate maternal folate intake and genetic counseling are recommended for high-risk pregnancies to prevent recurrent CNS anomalies.
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