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Non-radioactive in situ Hybridization Protocol Applicable for Norway Spruce and a Range of Plant Species
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Hybridization increases invasive knotweed success.

Madalin Parepa1, Markus Fischer2, Christine Krebs3

  • 1Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland ; Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany.

Evolutionary Applications
|March 26, 2014
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Summary

Invasive knotweed hybrids are more competitive than their parent species, significantly reducing native plant growth. Hybridization enhances the invasiveness of exotic knotweed complexes, impacting native ecosystems.

Keywords:
Fallopiaallelopathybiological invasionscompetitive abilityhybridizationinvasiveness

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Hybridization is a key driver of rapid evolution in exotic species.
  • Hybrid vigor can significantly enhance the success of invasive species.
  • Knotweeds (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, and their hybrid F. × bohemica) are invasive plants with complex evolutionary histories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the competitive success of invasive knotweed species and their hybrid against native plant communities.
  • To investigate the role of hybridization in enhancing the invasiveness of knotweeds.
  • To explore the mechanisms of competition and regeneration in knotweed taxa.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental competition assays comparing knotweed taxa (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis, F. × bohemica) with native plant communities.
  • Assessment of knotweed competitive success and impact on native plant growth.
  • Investigation of rhizome regeneration and potential allelopathic effects using activated carbon treatment.

Main Results:

  • Knotweed hybrids (F. × bohemica) exhibited significantly superior performance in competition with native plants compared to parental species.
  • Hybrids more effectively suppressed the growth of native plants.
  • Fallopia sachalinensis regeneration from rhizomes was inhibited by native plants, suggesting allelopathy, which was mitigated by activated carbon.
  • Substantial variation in competitive success was observed within all knotweed taxa, particularly in the hybrid, with potential epigenetic influences in F. japonica.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive knotweed hybrids are demonstrably more competitive than their parent species.
  • Hybridization significantly increases the invasiveness and ecological impact of the exotic knotweed complex.
  • Understanding hybrid dynamics is crucial for managing invasive plant species and their effects on native biodiversity.