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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

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Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
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Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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All about claudins.

Kursad Turksen1

  • 1Regenerative Medicine Program; Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa, ON Canada.

Tissue Barriers
|March 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Claudins, proteins forming tight junctions, create selective tissue barriers. Their expression changes are linked to diseases, and this issue updates current knowledge and challenges in Claudin research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Claudins are tetraspan membrane proteins crucial for tight junction formation.
  • They establish tissue-specific selective permeability barriers essential for organ function.
  • Claudin expression is developmentally regulated and varies by tissue and cell type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on the current understanding of Claudin structure-function relationships.
  • To highlight recent advancements in the field of Claudin research.
  • To identify and discuss unanswered questions and future challenges in Claudin biology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Synthesis of findings from multiple research studies.
  • Expert analysis of current knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding Claudin structure and function.
  • Chronic alterations in Claudin expression are implicated in various disease states.
  • The field faces ongoing challenges in fully elucidating Claudin roles and regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Claudins are fundamental to tissue integrity and function.
  • Further research is needed to address remaining questions regarding Claudin regulation and disease association.
  • This Special Issue offers a comprehensive overview of the dynamic Claudin research landscape.