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Elite synchronized swimmers face unique physiological demands. This review highlights nutritional strategies to optimize performance and manage body composition, focusing on energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients like iron, calcium, and vitamin D.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Synchronized swimming demands exceptional speed, power, endurance, and acrobatic skill.
  • Athletes train and compete with limited underwater oxygen access, posing unique physiological challenges.
  • The sport's aesthetic demands prioritize leanness, increasing risks of nutritional deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scientific evidence on physiological demands, energy expenditure, and body composition in elite synchronized swimmers.
  • To assess energy requirements and nutritional guidelines for carbohydrate, protein, fat, and micronutrients.
  • To outline strategies for healthy body composition management and reduce risks of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific evidence on synchronized swimming.
  • Analysis of physiological demands, energy expenditure, and body composition.
  • Evaluation of nutritional requirements and guidelines for athletes.

Main Results:

  • Synchronized swimmers have significant energy demands influenced by training and competition intensity.
  • Risks of energy and macronutrient deficiencies are high due to aesthetic pressures.
  • Key micronutrients of concern include iron, calcium, and vitamin D.

Conclusions:

  • Elite synchronized swimmers require a well-balanced diet with sufficient energy intake.
  • Strategic timing of carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake is crucial for performance and body composition.
  • Addressing micronutrient needs and preventing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport is vital for athlete health.