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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...
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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
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Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Congenital fibular deficiency.

Reggie C Hamdy, Asim M Makhdom, Neil Saran

    The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    |March 27, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Congenital fibular deficiency (CFD) presents varied limb shortening and foot deformities. Amputation shows better outcomes than limb lengthening for severe cases, though techniques evolve.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Pediatric Orthopedics
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Congenital fibular deficiency (CFD) encompasses a broad range of limb malformations, from mild limb length inequality (LLI) to severe shortening, often with foot and ankle deformities.
    • The precise etiology of CFD is not yet fully understood.
    • Treatment aims to restore weight-bearing capacity, achieve a plantigrade foot, and equalize limb length.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current understanding and treatment strategies for congenital fibular deficiency (CFD).
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment modalities based on the proposed Birch classification system.
    • To discuss the evolving role of limb lengthening versus reconstructive or ablative procedures in managing CFD.

    Main Methods:

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  • Literature review of congenital fibular deficiency (CFD) treatment options.
  • Analysis of outcomes comparing amputation and limb lengthening procedures.
  • Consideration of the Birch classification system for guiding treatment decisions.

    • Main Results:

    • Amputation for severe CFD demonstrates favorable outcomes with fewer complications compared to limb lengthening.
    • The Birch classification system aids in tailoring treatment based on foot function, LLI, and associated anomalies.
    • Current data suggests amputation is often preferred for severe presentations.

    Conclusions:

    • Treatment decisions for congenital fibular deficiency (CFD) require careful consideration of the individual's presentation and the proposed Birch classification.
    • While amputation yields good results for severe CFD, advances in limb lengthening may broaden reconstructive options in the future.
    • Further research into CFD etiology and long-term outcomes of various treatments is warranted.