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The alternative complement pathway regulates pathological angiogenesis in the retina.

J Harry Sweigard1, Ryoji Yanai1, Philipp Gaissert1

  • 1Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, and.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|March 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The alternative complement pathway helps clear pathological retinal neovessels by reducing the complement inhibitor Cd55. This targeted removal prevents blindness in proliferative retinopathies.

Keywords:
Cd55factor binnate immune systemneovascularizationoxygen-induced retinopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Proliferative retinopathies are characterized by pathological neovascularization, where neovascular growth and regression balance determines vision outcomes.
  • The immune system's role in these conditions is gaining attention but remains incompletely understood.
  • Modulating neovessel growth is a key therapeutic goal in managing retinopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the alternative complement pathway in the development and resolution of aberrant neovascularization.
  • To determine the pathway's role in pathological angiogenesis within the retina.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized alternative complement pathway-deficient (Fb(-/-)) mice and control mice in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model.
  • Assessed neovessel development and regression via retinal flatmounts and laser capture microdissection (LCM).
  • Examined the expression of complement inhibitor Cd55 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxic conditions and in isolated neovessels.

Main Results:

  • Control mice showed increased Factor B (Fb) transcription post-OIR, while Fb(-/-) mice exhibited significantly more neovessels.
  • Hypoxia decreased Cd55 expression in HUVECs, mimicking neovessel conditions.
  • Isolated neovessels from OIR retinas displayed reduced Cd55 expression.

Conclusions:

  • The alternative complement pathway facilitates neovessel clearance by down-regulating Cd55 on pathological neovessels.
  • This mechanism allows for targeted removal of aberrant vasculature, preserving existing blood vessels.
  • Findings suggest the alternative complement pathway is a potential therapeutic target for managing retinopathy.