Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

117.2K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
117.2K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

4.1K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
4.1K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.3K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.3K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.7K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
2.7K
Fiber Reinforced Concrete01:22

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

558
Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
558

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhanced Aging Stability of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Materials Synthesized via True Liquid Crystal Templating-A Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Study.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Relevant Metal Oxidation States of MAO-Activated Chromium Catalysts for Ethylene Oligomerization.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Tuning Regioselectivity in Cyclopolymerization through Carbene Ligand Size Modulation in Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene Catalysts.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization under Confinement.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Meltblow Processing of Poly (Ethylene Furanoate)-Bio-Based Polyester Nonwovens.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Room Temperature Ethene to Propene (ETP) Tandem Catalysis using Single Crystalline Solid-State Molecular Pre-Catalysts.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS
08:01

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS

Published on: June 17, 2017

12.9K

Carbon fibers: precursor systems, processing, structure, and properties.

Erik Frank1, Lisa M Steudle, Denis Ingildeev

  • 1Institut für Textilchemie und Chemiefasern (ITCF Denkendorf), Körschtalstrasse 26, 73770 Denkendorf (Germany).

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This review explores carbon fiber (CF) precursors, detailing their processing and impact on CF structure. It covers traditional and novel systems, including low-cost and high-end options, and their structure-property relationships.

Keywords:
carbon fiberscelluloseligninpitchpoly(acrylonitrile)

More Related Videos

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method
06:26

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Published on: October 6, 2017

8.9K
Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 11, 2026

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS
08:01

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS

Published on: June 17, 2017

12.9K
Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method
06:26

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Published on: October 6, 2017

8.9K
Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
08:42

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Composite Materials

Background:

  • Carbon fibers (CFs) are critical advanced materials used in aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods.
  • The properties of CFs are highly dependent on the precursor materials and their processing.
  • Developing cost-effective and high-performance CFs is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of various carbon fiber precursor systems.
  • To discuss the processing methods and their influence on the final carbon fiber structure.
  • To highlight new developments in precursors for both low-cost and high-end carbon fiber applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on carbon fiber precursors.
  • Analysis of different precursor types including poly(acrylonitrile)-based copolymers, pitch, cellulose, lignin, poly(ethylene), and synthetic polymers.
  • Discussion of structure-property relationships and modeling of CF structure and morphology.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of poly(acrylonitrile)-based copolymers and pitch as established precursors.
  • Exploration of cellulose and lignin as bio-based precursors for sustainable carbon fibers.
  • Introduction of novel synthetic polymeric precursors for advanced, high-performance carbon fibers.
  • Presentation of structure-property relationships and models for carbon fiber characterization.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of precursor system significantly dictates the resulting carbon fiber's structure and properties.
  • Advancements in precursor development are crucial for achieving both cost reduction and enhanced performance in carbon fibers.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships and employing appropriate models are key to optimizing carbon fiber design and application.