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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
06:28

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Published on: December 13, 2024

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Cumulative spine loading and clinically meaningful declines in low-back function.

William S Marras, Sue A Ferguson, Steven A Lavender

    Human Factors
    |March 28, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cumulative spine loading, including rest time, can predict a meaningful decline in low-back function. This research helps establish guidelines to minimize risks for workers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Occupational health
    • Biomechanics
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Cumulative spine loading is a suspected risk factor for low-back pain.
    • Specific measures characterizing this risk require further delineation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the role of cumulative spine loading measures in the development of clinically meaningful low-back function decline.
    • To identify key predictive factors for low-back function decline in distribution center workers.

    Main Methods:

    • A prospective field study collected 56 cumulative exposure measures from distribution center workers.
    • Univariate and multivariate statistical modeling explored risk for meaningful low-back function decline.
    • True cases (decline) and true noncases (no decline) were compared.

    Main Results:

    • The model predicted risk for meaningful low-back function decline with 72% sensitivity and 73% specificity.
    • Predictive factors included initial low-back function, cumulative rest time, cumulative load exposure, job satisfaction, and worker age.
    • Cumulative rest time emerged as a significant predictor.

    Conclusions:

    • Cumulative rest time is a crucial factor in predicting clinically meaningful low-back function decline.
    • Findings can inform risk assessment and guidelines to minimize spine loading risks.
    • This study contributes to understanding occupational factors affecting low-back health.